Clinical Case Scenario 1

A 64-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with a cough, fever, and low oxygen levels. He quickly progresses to respiratory distress, necessitating endotracheal intubation. A chest x-ray reveals widespread bilateral lung opacities. An arterial blood gas shows a PaO2 of 70 mm Hg on 100% FiO2. Bedside echocardiography confirms normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function. A nasopharyngeal swab tests positive for influenza A.

Question: Which of the following statements is correct about the management of this patient’s fluid balance?

Clinical Case Scenario 2

A 75-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease underwent infra-renal endovascular repair (EVAR) of an 8-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. Administration of iodinated contrast was used during the procedure. On day 3 following the procedure, serum creatinine rose from a preoperative value of 112 µmol/L to 150 µmol/L. Doppler ultrasound of renal vessels showed no abnormality. Bedside volume assessment using ultrasound was suggestive of euvolemia. A diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) was suggested.

Question: Which of the following is a false statement?