Clinical Case Scenario 1

A 58-year-old woman with a history of hypertension arrived at the Emergency Department with symptoms including fever, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. Her vital signs were as follows; temperature: 39.3°C, heart rate: 98/min, blood pressure: 132/64 mm Hg, respiratory rate: 26/min, and oxygen saturation (SaO2): 92% on room air. During the physical examination, she exhibited renal angle tenderness. Laboratory tests revealed a white blood cell count of 22,000/mm³, serum creatinine of 2.3 mg/dL (baseline 0.7 mg/dL), and more than 50 white blood cells per high power field on urine microscopy. A non-contrast CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed right perinephric stranding without stones or hydronephrosis. Blood and urine cultures were taken, ceftriaxone was administered, and she was admitted to the ICU.

Which of the following statements about this patient’s acute kidney injury (AKI) is most accurate?

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after renal transplantation is TRUE?