🩸💧Are Your Fluids Healing or Just hanging On?💧🩸

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1. A 68-year-old post-septic shock patient with CVP: 14 mmHg,IVC: 2.4 cm, <10% variation, VExUS Grade 3 , MAP: 74 mmHg on norepinephrine 0.02 μg/kg/min, PLR: +10% stroke volume increase, Lactate: 1.0 mmol/L. Which is the most physiologically sound next step?
2. A patient on HFNC has CVP: 8 mmHg, IVC collapsibility: 25%, VExUS: Grade 0 , PLR showing 10-12% increase in SV , Peripheral perfusion is Low, MAP: 70 mmHg on norepinephrine 0.06 μg/kg/min. Best next step?
3. In post-resuscitation care, why can a positive PLR result in a congested patient be misleading?
4.A ventilated patient post-cardiac surgery has CVP: 12 mmHg, IVC: Plethoric, minimal variation, VExUS: Grade 1, Lung US: Bilateral B-lines, PLR: +10% CO increase, ScvO₂: 78%. What is the best interpretation?
5. Which combination of findings best supports fluid in the maintenance phase in calm, spontaneous breathing patient ?
6. In a patient already on full enteral feeds, what is the most common hidden contributor to unnecessary positive fluid balance?
7. If the IV maintenance (D5 ½NS + KCl) runs 60 mL/h for 24 h, its osmolar load is closest to:
8. What is Minimum daily electrolyte and glucose targets for maintenance needs
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